homework

= = =Pg 435 1-5 =

**Heat**: is the amount of thermal energy transferred between different areas or objects

 * Kinetic Energy ** : is the energy of a particle or object due to its motion

**Temperature**: a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in a sample of matter
2. (a) Kelvin (b) Celsius (c) Fahrenheit

3. Conduction vs. Convection comparison. 4. This is a form of convection because the heat from the light heats up the water molecules in the room which makes the room hotter.
 * || Conduction || Convection ||
 * States of Matter Involved || Solids || Liquids ||
 * Examples of Materials Involved || Metals || All liquids can be involved ||
 * How Particles Interact || Heat is transferred between the two substances || As the particles move faster and their kinetic energy increases they move farther apart. As they move farther apart the fluid expands and the density decreases ||
 * What is Transferred? || Just heat || Heat and matter ||

5. Infrared radiation is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that makes the sidewalk feel warm on a sunny day.

= =

**20.**

 * a.) **  The albedo in the city is much higher than in the forested area. Cities are known to be urban heat islands, with temperatures that are often higher than in surrounding rural and natural vegetated areas.  

**b.) **  The best ground cover that reduces the albedo is white rock.  

**c.) **  White reflects all colours so all of the heat will bounce off.  

**d.) **  <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Tar is the roof covering that would take the longest to cool down.  <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">

**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal;">e.) ** <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Since tar is black, it absorbs the heat and then later emits infrared radiation.  <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">

**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal;">f.) ** <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">you would want to find stuff that absorbes alot of heat. Concrete, asphalt and tar are all great conductors.  <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">

**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal;">g.) ** <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The role of convection in creating an urban heat island is the water and air.  <span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">

<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> = =

** 12-1C Piecing Together Pangaea (pg 515) **
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">Analyze: <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">1. <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">the continents Africa and North America were the easiest to fit together because the coast lines matched up easily. <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">2. <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">The lines and the help of the legend made the best clues to fit each piece together. <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">3. <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">a) I found New Zealand difficult to place because it’s so small.  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">b) If some of the continents were bigger. <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">Conclude and Apply: <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">1. <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">a) The steps I used to piece together Pangaea are, first, look for all the matching information that is on the legend, then look for the matching lines and finally line everything up.  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">b) The methods I took were to see which pieces matched up together and that is how Alfred Wagner discovered the continental drift theory. <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">2. <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">I used more than one pieces of evidence because with just 1 piece of evidence, the pieces would not fit together properly. <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">3. <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">a) I believe the continents in 200 years will be opposite to Pangaea, on the other side.  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">b) British Columbia will not have an ecosystem because we won’t be on the coast anymore. <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">

15 pg. 537  a) Composite   b) Rift Eruption c) Shield

(537 #15 & 538 #12-21)
15) a. Composite Volcano b. Rift Eruption c. Shield Volcano

**Pg. 538**
12) Plate Tectonics & Continental Drift.

13) a.) Convergent Boundary b.) Divergent Boundary c.)Transform Fault

14) Volcanoes do not usually form at continental- continental plate boundaries or transform plate boundaries because when the plates collide the oceanic plate always goes under lighter continental plate.

15) The mountain ranges in different countries are similar in composition and size to ones on the other side of an ocean proves that there was continental drift.

16) If mantle convection stopped then the continents would stop moving which would mean no more earthquakes or volcanoes.

17) Studying volcanoes give geologists clues of Earth's interior such as its temperature and density.   18) Most volcanic activity happens near plate boundaries because when the heavy plate dives underneath the lighter plate when they meet, it melts into magma. This magma forms a volcano.

19) The forested area of bc would be affected. The magma would destroy the forests and the animals.

20) When volcanoes erupt they send vast amounts of toxic gas, molten rock and ash into the air that fly several miles away from the actual volcano. The liquid rock or lava is so hot that it could burn you if you stand near it without proper protection. This is why it is hard to study active volcanoes.

21) Trench b.) c. lithosphere d. crust e. asthenosphere